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Buy Day today: Good (62) Broad market participation · no major macro event
AFRM

Affirm Holdings Inc

Financial Services · Credit Services · listed since 2021

70.30$ -1.8% vs. previous close Closing price · As of: Sep 17, 2026
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Assessment

Our Rating

A journalistic assessment by our editorial team at the time of the deep dive — it rates the company, not the entry point. Not investment advice and not a solicitation to buy or sell.

Open questions

The business works in principle, but one material question is open. As long as it stays open, our findings do not carry a quality verdict.

Why this colour

Running every finding through our materiality gate turns up no existential finding: Affirm is an intact, very fast-growing company with about $2.2 billion in cash, broad funding (about $28 billion in capacity), credit quality that has stayed under control so far, and a first GAAP profit. A "Substance risk" rating, which would signal a threat to the company itself, would be overstated. But the quality isn't confirmed either: the negative findings are a cluster of earnings-quality and structural findings pointing the same direction — a core business still running an operating deficit, a profitability that largely rests on stripped-out stock-based compensation (about 15.5 percent of revenue), and an interest- and default-dependent loan book. The evidence that would resolve this is concrete and observable soon: whether the first profit becomes a lasting GAAP profit without the adjusted crutch, how delinquency rates and the allowance for credit losses develop, and whether the Amazon share falls. The valuation is ambitious on top of that, but it plays no part in this rating: the traffic light judges the company, not the entry price — that is what the metrics scanners are for. As long as the earnings-quality question is open, this stays at "Open questions" — the investment decision is yours.

What the thesis turns on

Assessment: Opportunities & Risks

Affirm is the U.S. market leader for installment payments at checkout and is growing impressively: gross merchandise volume up 81 percent in two years to $36.7 billion, revenue up 39 percent to $3.22 billion in fiscal year 2025. A GAAP net profit showed up in the filing for the first time (+$52.2 million), but operations still ran a loss of $87.3 million, and the company's own "Adjusted Operating Income" metric of $778.1 million adds back $499.9 million in stock-based compensation. The business is, at its core, interest- and default-dependent lending (provision for credit losses up 34 percent), a fifth of volume hangs on Amazon, and at a price-to-sales ratio around 7 the market is paying a growth premium. Strong growth meets a still-fragile, dilution-carried profitability. Not investment advice.

Business model & market

A clear U.S. market leader for "Buy Now, Pay Later" with a strong platform (more than 23 million active consumers, about 377,000 merchants) and top partners including Amazon, Shopify and Walmart. At its core, though, a lender — interest income, at $1.61 billion, is the largest revenue block, not a software fee.

Growth

Sustained and documented: gross merchandise volume up 81 percent in two years to $36.7 billion, revenue up 39 percent to $3.22 billion in fiscal year 2025, continuing with volume up 35 percent in the third quarter of 2026. This is the stock's strongest side.

Earnings quality & dilution

First GAAP net profit (+$52.2 million in 2025), but still an operating loss of $87.3 million and an accumulated deficit of about $3.1 billion. The company's own headline figure, "Adjusted Operating Income" ($778.1 million), strips out $499.9 million in stock-based compensation — about 15.5 percent of revenue, borne in reality as dilution.

Credit quality & rate sensitivity

As a lender, Affirm depends on the economic cycle and interest rates: provision for credit losses up 34 percent to $616.7 million, allowance for credit losses risen to 6.0 percent (31.03.2026), 30-day delinquency risen to about 2.8 percent. Under control so far; a 1-percentage-point rate jump is largely hedged, with under $65 million of cash-flow impact.

Concentration & governance

Concentration risk: Amazon about 22 percent, top-five partners about 47 percent of volume — the growth story hangs on a handful of relationships. On top of that, a dual-class structure: founder Max Levchin controls about 44.4 percent of all votes through shares carrying 15 votes each, management nearly 47 percent.

Valuation

Price-to-sales ratio around 7, enterprise value about 8.5 times revenue (mid-2026, about $28 billion in market value). Normal for a software company, high for a business that's credit-driven at its core — the market is explicitly paying for the tech narrative, which still needs to be backed by durable GAAP profits.

Worth Noting

Materiality gate (10.07.2026) — finding by finding: (1) Operating loss despite the first net profit (−$87.3 million operating, +$52.2 million net, accumulated deficit about $3.1 billion): an earnings-quality finding, not an existential finding, since $2.2 billion in cash and 39 percent revenue growth carry it → a pricing/structural finding that nonetheless leaves the earnings quality unresolved. (2) Dilution from stock-based compensation ($499.9 million, about 15.5 percent of revenue, stripped out in "Adjusted Operating Income"): under the gate, a pricing finding — it does not enter the rating. (3) Credit risk/rate sensitivity (provision up 34 percent to $616.7 million, allowance for credit losses 6.0 percent, 30-day delinquency about 2.8 percent; a 1-percentage-point rate shock hedged below $65 million): currently under control → a pricing/cyclical finding; it would become an existential finding only in a funding or credit crisis (a jump in delinquency, the loss of warehouse facilities). (4) Partner concentration, Amazon at about 22 percent of volume (top five about 47 percent): per the gate's calibration (21 percent = a dent), a dent — the company would stay intact with more than 377,000 merchants → a concentration-risk dent. (5) Valuation (P/S around 7, enterprise value about 8.5× revenue) and dual-class control (Levchin about 44.4 percent of votes): a pricing/structural finding — recorded here, but neither valuation nor voting structure carries any weight in the rating. Result: no existential finding, so no "Substance risk". What stands in the way of confirmed quality is not the price but the unfinished record on substance: profitability that still has to prove durable under GAAP without the adjusted crutch, a delinquency trend that is under control today but not yet tested by a downturn, and the dependence on the Amazon share → "Open questions", tied to exactly these three points. Whether the stock is priced attractively is a separate question; the scanners answer it, not this rating.

Data basis: annual report (10-K) for fiscal year 2025 (ended June 30, 2025; filed August 28, 2025) and quarterly report (10-Q) as of March 31, 2026 (filed May 7, 2026); non-GAAP figures ("Adjusted Operating Income" $778.1 million, the delinquency series) from the shareholder letters (exhibits to Form 8-K) for the fourth quarter of FY2025 and the third quarter of FY2026. Revenue breakdown FY2025: interest income $1,608.2 million, merchant network revenue $882.7 million, gains on loan sales $381.6 million, card network $231.3 million, servicing income $120.6 million.

Special-situation screening via the EDGAR submissions index (as of 10.07.2026): no activist Schedule 13D, only passive 13G filings from institutional holders (including Vanguard and BlackRock); no announced takeover, no strategic review. Governance: founder/CEO Max Levchin controls about 44.41 percent of all votes through Class B shares carrying 15 votes each (all directors and officers combined: 46.80 percent); reincorporation from Delaware to Nevada effective 01.07.2025.

Price and valuation figures are dated mid-2026 (market value about $28 billion on about 294 million outstanding Class A shares plus about 41 million Class B shares); analyses are evergreen, daily prices are not a buy argument.

Read the Full Deep Dive Affirm Stock: The First Profit — and What It Doesn't Tell You Affirm is the U.S. market leader for installment payments at checkout — "Buy Now, Pay Later." Volume grew 81 percent in two years to $36.7 billion, and 2025 brought the first GAAP profit in company history: $52 million. Sounds like a turning point. But operations still ran a loss, the company's own "Adjusted Operating Income" of $778 million adds back nearly half a billion dollars in stock-based compensation — and the actual business is lending money. We read the filings: credit quality, dilution, the Amazon concentration risk and valuation. Not investment advice — just the arithmetic behind a first profit that spent nearly half a billion dollars to happen. Read the analysis →

Stock Watch

This analysis is as of August 26, 2026. Stock Watch will tell you what's changed at AFRM since then.

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Price history

Chart

Interactive price chart (TradingView).

52-week range: 42.50 $ to 92.20 $ · Last price: 70.30 $ (As of: September 17, 2026)

Key figures

Key figures at a glance

Every figure we hold for this stock, grouped by topic. The question mark next to a label explains what the number means.

Basics

Market Cap ?The value of the entire company on the market: share price times total shares outstanding. 23.7$B
Shares Outstanding ?Total number of shares issued. Price times share count gives market cap. 297m
Float ?Share of stock freely tradable on the market — not locked up in the hands of founders, insiders, or major shareholders. 95.6%
Beta ?Volatility versus the overall market: 1 = moves like the market, 2 = twice as much, under 1 = calmer than the market. 3.6

Performance

Perf. 1M ?Price performance over the last month. 12.00%
Perf. 3M ?Price performance over the last 3 months. 92.30%
Perf. 6M ?Price performance over the last 6 months. 7.60%
YTD Performance (%) ?Price performance since the start of the year (Year to Date). -3.50%
52-Week-High Distance ?How far the price sits below its highest point over the last 52 weeks. 0% means the stock is at its year high. -23.2%
Perf. 1Y ?Price performance over the last 12 months. -22.26%
Perf. 3Y ?Price performance over the last 3 years. 188.39%
Perf. 5Y ?Price performance over the last 5 years. -39.56%
Perf. Since Inception ?Price performance since the first available trading day (01/13/2021) — with a complete history, that is since the IPO. -27.73%

Technical Indicators

MA 38 Days ?Moving average of the last 38 trading days: the smoothed price path. A price above it signals short-term strength. 74.30$
MA 50 Days ?Moving average of the last 50 trading days — the most widely watched medium-term trend line. 75.20$
MA 200 Days ?Moving average of the last 200 trading days — the dividing line between a long-term uptrend and downtrend. 66.70$
RSI (14) ?Relative Strength Index over 14 days, scale 0 to 100: above 70 counts as overbought, below 30 as oversold. A hint on timing, not a verdict on the company. 43.6
Volatility 30 Days ?Price swings over the last 30 trading days, annualized. The higher the value, the more the price fluctuates. 52.1%
Volatility 250 Days ?Price swings over the last 250 trading days (roughly one market year), annualized. 59.6%

Calculated from the price history · as of 09/18/2026

Valuation

P/E ?Price-to-earnings ratio: how many years of profit does the stock cost? The lower, the cheaper the valuation. No earnings means no P/E. 63.7
Forward P/E ?P/E based on expected earnings for the next 12 months instead of past earnings — analysts' bet on the future. 38.5
PEG ?P/E divided by expected earnings growth: puts valuation in relation to growth. Around 1 is considered fair, well above that is pricey. 8.9
P/B ?Price-to-book ratio: market value relative to book equity. 6.2
P/S ?Price-to-sales ratio: market value divided by annual sales. Important for companies that aren't (yet) profitable. 5.6
EV/EBITDA ?Enterprise value including debt (EV) relative to operating profit before depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) — more comparable than P/E because debt counts too. Extreme values arise when EBITDA is near zero. 25.7
Price/FCF ?Market value divided by free cash flow: how many years of freely available cash does the stock cost? More honest than P/E because cash flow is harder to dress up. 23.8

Profitability

Gross Margin ?Gross margin: what's left of sales after only direct production costs are deducted — the product's pricing power. 48.9%
EBIT Margin ?EBIT margin: operating profit as a percentage of sales — the earning power of the core business before interest and taxes. 8.5%
Net Margin ?Net margin: what's left of sales as profit after ALL costs, interest, and taxes. 45.3%
Return on Equity ?Return on equity: how much profit does the company generate per year on shareholders' equity? 11.5%
Return on Assets ?Return on assets: how much profit the company generates from its total assets (equity and debt combined). 1.9%

Balance Sheet & Safety

Equity Ratio ?Equity ratio: equity as a share of total assets. The higher, the more resilient the balance sheet. 28.8%
Debt/Equity ?Leverage ratio: financial debt divided by equity. Under 1 is generally seen as solid; negative values mean negative equity. 2.7
Altman Z″ ?Edward Altman's bankruptcy early-warning score. We use the Z″ variant, built from four balance-sheet ratios — it is designed for service companies and non-manufacturers and uses book value instead of market value. On that scale: below 1.1 = danger zone, 2.6 and up = safe zone, in between a grey area. Because the classic Altman Z is calculated differently, the two numbers are not directly comparable. The formula does not fit banks, insurers, or real-estate stocks. 9.13
Piotroski ?Balance-sheet health check by Joseph Piotroski: 9 yes/no criteria on profit, cash flow, leverage, and efficiency. 7+ is very solid, under 3 is a red flag. very solid 8 out of 9

Growth

Sales Growth Last Quarter ?Sales growth in the most recently reported quarter versus the same quarter a year ago (YoY). 32.60%
EPS Growth Last Quarter ?Growth in earnings per share in the most recently reported quarter versus the same quarter a year ago (YoY). –
Sales Growth (Year) ?Sales growth in the last fiscal year versus the year before. 38.80%
Forward Sales Growth ?Sales growth analysts expect over the next 12 months — an estimate, not a guarantee. 25.22%
Forward EPS Growth ?Earnings-per-share growth analysts expect over the next 12 months — an estimate, not a guarantee. 21.70%

Dividend

This stock currently pays no dividend.

Quality & Screener

Stage ?Weinstein phases 1 through 4: 1 = basing, 2 = uptrend (the only buy phase), 3 = topping, 4 = downtrend. Measured against the 30-week line. 3
RS Rating ?Relative strength from 1 to 99: an RS of 95 means the stock has outperformed 95% of all stocks. 63
EPS Rating ?Earnings growth rating from 1 to 99 versus all stocks — high values mean above-average earnings growth. Top 10% 98
Fundamental Rating ?Our own Fundamental Rating: 0 to 100 points with an A+ to F grade. 50 points is the average across the universe, 100 the best possible score. It scores growth, earnings surprises, analyst estimates, margins, cash flow, and balance-sheet safety — every stock percentile-ranked against all others. Grades: A+ from 95, A from 75, B from 55, C from 45, D from 25, E from 5, F below. A (83 out of 100)

Highlighted are things our editorial team noticed: green = stands out as strong, red = deserves a closer look. No single metric is a verdict on its own — always read it in context.

Comparison

Industry comparison

The stock alongside the largest companies in the same group. The median row is the middle value of the companies shown above — not of the whole industry.

Industry: Credit Services

Industry comparison
Company Market cap ($B) P/E EV/EBITDA Gross Margin % EBIT Margin % Sales Growth (Year) % Perf. 1Y %
Affirm Holdings Inc AFRM 23.7 63.7 25.7 48.9 8.5 38.8 -22.3
Visa Inc. Class A V 699.4 33.2 24.3 97.7 67.4 11.3 7.7
Mastercard Inc MA 500.7 33.9 23.1 100.0 60.8 16.4 -4.9
American Express Company AXP 213.1 19.5 0.0 62.3 21.3 8.4 -6.4
Capital One Financial Corporation COF 124.4 62.2 0.0 100.0 28.6 28.4 -9.1
PayPal Holdings Inc PYPL 45.7 10.1 6.6 40.5 17.0 4.3 -20.3
Synchrony Financial SYF 25.3 7.7 0.0 100.0 48.0 -7.9 2.1
SoFi Technologies Inc. SOFI 21.0 35.7 0.0 83.7 18.3 82.6 -38.4
Ally Financial Inc ALLY 12.5 9.8 0.0 100.0 21.0 -25.8 -5.0
Median of companies shown 45.7 33.2 0.0 97.7 21.3 11.3 -6.4

Based on the most recently reported figures. Only stocks from the same trading venue are lined up, so the market caps are counted in one currency. Compare in a chart →

Fiscal years

Annual Figures

Fiscal years from the audited annual reports, oldest first. EBIT is the operating profit before interest and taxes; total assets are everything the company owns.

Revenue, operating income and net income per fiscal year $M

Revenue Operating income Net income

2019 · Revenue: 264 $M 2019 · Operating income: -102 $M 2019 · Net income: -120 $M 2020 · Revenue: 510 $M 2020 · Operating income: -108 $M 2020 · Net income: -113 $M 2021 · Revenue: 870 $M 2021 · Operating income: -384 $M 2021 · Net income: -441 $M 2022 · Revenue: 1,349 $M 2022 · Operating income: -866 $M 2022 · Net income: -707 $M 2023 · Revenue: 1,588 $M 2023 · Operating income: -1,201 $M 2023 · Net income: -985 $M 2024 · Revenue: 2,323 $M 2024 · Operating income: -616 $M 2024 · Net income: -518 $M 2025 · Revenue: 3,224 $M 2025 · Operating income: -87 $M 2025 · Net income: 52 $M 2026 · Revenue: 3,949 $M 2026 · Operating income: 871 $M 2026 · Net income: 1,930 $M
20192020202120222023202420252026
Annual Figures
Fiscal Year Revenue ($M) EBIT ($M) Net Income ($M) EPS ($) Operating Cash Flow ($M) Equity ($M) Total Assets ($M)
2019 264 -102 -120 -0.47 -93 -263 1,149
2020 510 -108 -113 -0.44 -71 -367 1,402
2021 870 -384 -441 -1.64 -193 2,576 4,867
2022 1,349 -866 -707 -2.51 -162 2,618 6,974
2023 1,588 -1,201 -985 -3.34 12 2,534 8,156
2024 2,323 -616 -518 -1.67 450 2,732 9,520
2025 3,224 -87 52 0.15 794 3,069 11,155
2026 3,949 871 1,930 5.53 1,231 5,484 15,790

Quarters

Quarterly Figures

Each bar is one quarter, the last one is the most recent. Use the switch to step through the individual figures.

Revenue & Profit

Cash Flow

Balance Sheet

Margins

Per Share

Click the chart or tab into it, then use ← and → to step through the periods.

None of the selected stocks reports this metric. Pick another metric or switch between annual and quarterly.

These companies report in different currencies — switch on “Indexed” or pick a margin for a fair comparison.

The figures could not be loaded right now.

Sales Per Quarter ($M)
2024: Q4 · 866.4 $M Q4 2025: Q1 · 783.1 $M Q1 2025: Q2 · 876.4 $M Q2 2025: Q3 · 933.3 $M Q3 2025: Q4 · 1,123.0 $M Q4 2026: Q1 · 1,038.8 $M Q1 2026: Q2 · 1,166.0 $M Q2

Source: fundamental data

Quarterly Figures
Quarter EPS (Earnings Per Share) EPS YoY (%) Sales ($M) Sales YoY (%) Net Margin (%) OCF ($M) FCF ($M)
2024: Q4 0.23 – 866 46.60 9.30 312 268
2025: Q1 0.01 – 783 35.90 0.40 210 157
2025: Q2 0.20 – 876 33.00 7.90 75 24
2025: Q3 0.23 – 933 33.60 8.60 375 320
2025: Q4 0.37 59.30 1,123 29.60 11.50 174 118
2026: Q1 0.30 3,528.90 1,039 32.60 9.90 387 325
2026: Q2 4.63 2,215.00 1,166 33.00 138.60 296 229

What Do These Terms Mean?

EPS (Earnings Per Share):
Quarterly profit divided by the total share count — how much of the profit works out to a single share.
YoY (Year over Year):
Change versus the same quarter a year ago — this is how you compare without seasonal distortion (e.g. the holiday shopping season).
Sales:
All revenue for the quarter, before any costs are deducted — the top line of the income statement.
Net Margin:
What percentage of sales is left over as profit in the end. Negative means the company is posting a loss.
OCF (Operating Cash Flow):
The cash that actually flows into the till from the core business during the quarter — harder to dress up than book profit.
FCF (Free Cash Flow):
Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures — the money that's genuinely free to use, say for paying down debt, buybacks, or dividends.

Compare with other stocks →

Screening

Appears in These Scanners

This stock currently matches 14 of our scanner strategies — each hit links to the scanner.

Backtested Scanners

Growth

Quality & Balance Sheet

Breakout & Setup

Momentum & Trend

Risk & Weakness

Only genuine hits from verified scanners count; pure ranking metrics (P/E, P/S, and similar, which just sort the whole universe) don't count as a hit. Scanners marked in red are red-flag signals (risk/short scanners) — appearing there is not a seal of approval. View all scanners

Outlook

Analysts & Price Target

Combined picture of the price targets and recommendations of every analyst covering the stock. Price targets are expectations for the next 12 months, not promises — and they often follow the price rather than predict it.

Consensus Sell 1 = Strong buy … 5 = Strong sell
Analyst Ratings 24
Price Target (average) 99.09$
Distance to price 41.0% The price target sits 41.0% above the current price.

Distribution of Recommendations

Strong Buy 11
Buy 6
Hold 7
Sell 0
Strong Sell 0

Estimates by Fiscal Year

Estimates by Fiscal Year
Fiscal Year EPS Estimate ($) EPS Range ($) Revenue Estimate ($M) Expected Growth Analysts
06/30/2027 3.96 3.11 – 4.84 5,474 -43.6% 8
06/30/2028 4.94 3.90 – 5.76 6,834 25.0% 8

Average of the analyst estimates for the coming fiscal years. The range shows how far the most optimistic and the most cautious estimate sit apart — the wider it is, the less certain the expectation.

Valuation

What is priced in?

Instead of guessing what the stock is worth, we turn the question around: what free cash flow growth has to happen for today’s market value to add up? The assumptions behind it can be moved.

Today’s market value implies roughly 10.1% growth in free cash flow per year over ten years (assumptions: discount rate 10.0%, terminal growth 2.5%).

What is priced in?
Free cash flow (last twelve months) $993.1M
Market cap $23.67B
Free cash flow in year ten $2.60B
Terminal value as a share of market value 57.8%

It shows which assumption is built into today’s price, not whether that assumption will hold. Every assumption can be changed with the sliders; the figures move with them.

A simplified model calculation — not a forecast and not a recommendation.

AI classification

AI Rating

Uses AI

Affirm setzt maschinelles Lernen und Künstliche Intelligenz operativ im Kern des Geschäfts ein — für Bonitätsprüfung, Risikobepreisung und Betrugserkennung an der Kasse. Die Risikomodelle sind laut Geschäftsbericht (10-K FY2025) auf Daten aus über 343 Millionen Krediten trainiert. KI ist bei Affirm also produktives Werkzeug, aber keine eigenständige, ausgewiesene Umsatzquelle: Das Unternehmen verkauft keine KI-Produkte an Dritte, sondern nutzt die Modelle, um sein Ratenkredit-Geschäft (Buy Now, Pay Later) zu betreiben. Damit greift Kategorie 3 (Nutzt KI); ein KI-Umsatzstrom (Kategorie Verkauft) ist in den Filings nicht belegt.

View the full file — quotes, sources, reviewed filings
„Our machine learning-based risk models are calibrated and validated on an extensive amount of data from over 343 million loans, and are custom built to effectively detect fraud, price risk, and provide customized recommendations."

Unsere auf maschinellem Lernen basierenden Risikomodelle werden anhand einer umfangreichen Datenbasis aus über 343 Millionen Krediten kalibriert und validiert und sind eigens darauf zugeschnitten, Betrug wirksam zu erkennen, Risiken zu bepreisen und maßgeschneiderte Empfehlungen zu geben.

10-K · 2025-08-28 · View SEC filing

„By utilizing our unique risk model predicated on sophisticated machine learning algorithms, proprietary data, and product-level underwriting, we can serve consumers across the credit spectrum and price risk across transaction types."

Durch den Einsatz unseres einzigartigen Risikomodells, das auf ausgefeilten Algorithmen des maschinellen Lernens, proprietären Daten und einer Bonitätsprüfung auf Produktebene beruht, können wir Verbraucher über das gesamte Bonitätsspektrum hinweg bedienen und Risiken je nach Transaktionsart bepreisen.

10-K · 2025-08-28 · View SEC filing

„Our solutions use machine learning, artificial intelligence, cloud-based technologies, and other modern tools to create differentiated and scalable products."

Unsere Lösungen nutzen maschinelles Lernen, Künstliche Intelligenz, cloudbasierte Technologien und weitere moderne Werkzeuge, um differenzierte und skalierbare Produkte zu schaffen.

10-K · 2025-08-28 · View SEC filing

Filings Reviewed: 10-K 2025-08-28 · 10-Q 2026-05-07 · DEF 14A 2025-10-24

Rated on July 10, 2026 · How the Rating Is Built

Growth

Growth Score

Ten checks against the annual reports — each one passed counts a point.

7 of 10 Solid growth
  • Revenue grows by more than 15% a year over three years 35.5%
  • More than 10% revenue growth is expected for the coming year 25.2%
  • Share count grows by less than 3% a year 5.7%
  • Revenue growth plus cash-flow margin add up to at least 40 ("Rule of 40") 47.6%
  • Gross margin at 40% or higher and without meaningful erosion 69.1%
  • Goodwill from acquisitions does not grow faster than revenue 3.3%
  • Net debt below twice EBITDA 5.8 x EBITDA
  • Operating cash flow covers the profits of the last three years 1,011 m
  • Return on capital at 15% or higher, or up versus two years ago 5.6%
  • Insiders hold at least 10% or are net buyers 4.3%

A criterion without figures counts neither as passed nor as failed; a score is only produced from 7 judgeable criteria upwards. Source: fundamental data. All ten criteria in detail

Quality check

AAQS

4/10

The AAQS (AlleAktien Quality Score) checks 10 quality criteria on growth, profitability, and balance-sheet strength — per the methodology developed and published by AlleAktien, calculated by us from our own fundamental data. A stock counts as a quality stock from 9 out of 10 points. Where a company has a shorter listing history, we calculate over the fiscal years available (at least five).

  • Sales growth 10Y > 5% 47.1%
  • Exp. sales growth 3Y > 5% 31.5%
  • EBIT growth 10Y > 5% –
  • Exp. EBIT growth 3Y > 5% -5.5%
  • Net debt < 4x EBIT 8.3x
  • EBIT positive, 10Y straight 1
  • Max. EBIT decline < 50% 0.0%
  • Return on equity > 15% 39.1%
  • ROCE > 15% 5.6%
  • Expected return > 10% -1.5%

View stocks with the full AAQS score · Read the methodology at AlleAktien

Source: fundamental data

Insiders

Insider Transactions

Reportable transactions by officers and major shareholders from SEC Form 4 filings. "Other" includes things like stock grants and option exercises without a buy/sell character.

Insider Transactions
Date Person Role Type Shares Price Value
Sep 14, 2026 Jiyane Siphelele Chief Accounting Officer Sell 26,980 72.19 1,947,686
Sep 4, 2026 Jiyane Siphelele Chief Accounting Officer Sell 25,000 72.41 1,810,250
Sep 3, 2026 Adkins Katherine Chief Legal Officer Sell 41,664 75.53 3,146,882
Sep 3, 2026 Adkins Katherine Chief Legal Officer Other 37,260 23.35 870,021
Sep 3, 2026 Adkins Katherine Chief Legal Officer Other 4,404 22.30 98,209
Sep 2, 2026 O'Hare Robert Chief Financial Officer Sell 5,886 74.02 435,682
Sep 1, 2026 Adkins Katherine Chief Legal Officer Sell 2,300 71.87 165,301
Sep 1, 2026 Adkins Katherine Chief Legal Officer Sell 15,599 71.00 1,107,529
Sep 1, 2026 Adkins Katherine Chief Legal Officer Sell 23,765 70.13 1,666,639
Sep 1, 2026 Adkins Katherine Chief Legal Officer Other 41,664 22.30 929,107

View all insider transactions →

The company

About the Company

Affirm Holdings, Inc. betreibt ein Zahlungsnetzwerk in den USA, Kanada und international.

Employees
2,358
Headquarters
San Francisco, CA
Address
221 Main Street, 94105 San Francisco, United States
Phone
415 960 1518
Website
affirm.com
IPO Date
01/13/2021
ISIN
US00827B1061

Management

Management
Name Title Birth Year
Max Roth Levchin Founder, CEO & Chairman 1976
Michael A. Linford President 1983
Libor Michalek President & Director 1974
Robert W. O'Hare Chief Financial Officer 1981
Katherine Adkins Esq. Chief Legal & Compliance Officer and Secretary 1962
Siphelele Jiyane Chief Accounting Officer –
Zane Keller C.F.A. Head of Investor Relations –
Brooke E. Major-Reid Chief Capital Officer 1975
Wayne Pommen Ph.D. Chief Revenue Officer 1979
Pat Suh Senior Vice President of Revenue –

Executives per the latest required filings; titles kept in their original language. Source: fundamental data.

Filings

Company Filings (8-K)

An 8-K is the filing a US company must use to disclose material events immediately — takeovers, changes at the top, major contracts or payment troubles, for instance. The links open the original document at the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

  • 08/27/2026 Affirm Holdings, Inc. (AFRM): Results of Operations and Financial Condition; Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers; Financial Statements and Exhibits SEC ↗

Data as of: September 17, 2026 · Source: fundamental data & SEC filings (annual and quarterly reports, 10-K/10-Q)

Note: pure fact-based analysis, not investment advice and not a solicitation to buy or sell. All figures without guarantee.

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